Encryption: Converts sensitive data into an unreadable format, protecting it from unauthorized access during transmission. Only those with the correct decryption key can read the information.

Authentication: Verifies the identity of parties in communication using digital certificates to prevent impersonation. This ensures that the entities involved are legitimate and trusted.

Data Integrity: Uses Message Authentication Codes (MACs) to confirm that data has not been altered during transmission. This assures the recipient of the data’s authenticity and consistency.

Forward Secrecy: Ensures that each session uses unique keys, so past communications stay secure even if one key is compromised. This provides long-term privacy for sensitive data.

Protocol Flexibility: Adapts to different transport protocols, such as TCP, to ensure secure communication across various network environments. This guarantees security whether data is sent locally or over the internet.

Handshake Mechanism: Negotiates encryption algorithms and exchanges keys at the beginning of a session. This process ensures both parties agree on security parameters before sensitive data is exchanged.

Session Resumption: Allows a client to reconnect without a full handshake, improving efficiency. It saves time and resources while maintaining secure encryption for future communications.

Key Rotation: Regularly changes encryption keys to minimize the risk of key compromise. This improves security by ensuring that old keys are no longer used for ongoing communications.